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KMID : 0350519930460031099
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Journal of Catholic Medical College
1993 Volume.46 No. 3 p.1099 ~ p.1112
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A Comprative Study on the Changes of the Skin Surface after Repeated Exposure to Surfactants Assessed by an Image Analyser
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Abstract
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Repeated and cumulative ctions of weak irritant agents on the skin are well eatablished as factors in causing various skin conditions. Although the surfactants play a major role in the pathogenesis of skin damage, it´s not fully understood, the
surfactant induced skin damage is demonstrated by an increase in epidermal permeability, dryness and roughness, and by the development of erythema and fissures. Visual grading continues to have an important role for evaluation, however, the
recently
developed image analyser provides more objective measurement of the skin topography, which has a significant degree of correlation with irritancy.
In this study, we used three types of noninvasive technique(skin replica, scaning electron microscope and Quantimet 720(r) image analyser) to assess the surface conditions of skin following repeated exposure to 4 types of surfactant having the
same
mean
alkyl chain length.
Four types of 1% and 2% sufactant, alkyldimethylamine oxide(AO), alpha-olefin sulfonate(AOS), polyoxyethylene alkyl ether(AE) and polyxyethylene alkyl ethoxy sulfate(AES), were applied to premarked test site on the skin of volar forearm for 45
mindtes
twice a day for 5 days in aqueous solutions of 20μl. After 30 minutes of the second patch application on each day, clinical observations were made and skin replication was done at 0, 5th and 8th days. The morphological changes of the skin
surface,
including furrow density and depth, were observed under a scanning electron microscope, and quantitified by an image analyser.
@ES The results were as follows :
@EN 1. Compared with the control, AO, and AE treated sites, increasement of visual scores of AOS and AES treated sites start after 3 days and reached to peak level at 5th day. This increased score matained being high level to 8 day.
2. Scanning electron microscopic findings of the 5 day´s skin replicas showed marked changes in the skin surface following repeated exposure to AOS and AES. But, AO and AE exposed skin replicas showed only minimal changes.
3. For quantitative image analysis of the skin replicas, the normal mean density and depth of the furrows on volar forearms were 133.301.7±1274.5 per㎠ and 118±6.8μm, respectively.
4. There were significant decreases (P<0.05) in furrow density and depth of the skin surface 5 days after repeated application of each 1%, 2% of AOS and AES compared with those of previous surfactant application, and there were significant
decreases(P<0.05) on 1%, 2% AOS and AES treated sites compared with control, AO and AE treated sites. Also, there was a significant difference(P<0.05) between AOS 2% and AES 2% treated sites.
These results suggest that the dermatogryphics change by repeated exposure of each surfactant decreasing in the order AOS>AES>AE>AO.
Fvaluation by means of an image analyser is a more objective method for comparing the damaging influence of surfactants on the skin surface.
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